How to Extend the Life of a Patent

ALL CREDIT TO WIKIHOW
How to Extend the Life of a Patent

Three Methods:

Determining Eligibility

Extending Your Patent

Contacting Congress

A patent ensures that an inventor is able to profit from his or her invention by preventing others from making, using, selling, or importing it without consent. Once the patent expires, the invention is free for the public to use without paying you. If you meet certain requirements, you may wish to extend your patent.Take advantage of this opportunity to have extra time added to your patent term and keep your invention out of the public domain longer.

 

Method1

Determining Eligibility

1. Determine the status of your patent. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) keeps a website database of patent information. Access the USPTO database to check on your patent status. If you can’t find all the information you are looking for in the text-based display, then look at the patent image in PDF format.
   

   • You can also look up European patents here.
   • Or check Google Patents.
   • Patents cannot be renewed and you can’t get the rights to an expired patent. ^[1]
    
2. 
   Know what kind of patent you have. In the US, 2 main types of patents are given: utility patents or design patents. Utility patents cover the function of an invention and design patents protect the way an invention looks. Utility patents generally last 20 years, while design patents last 14 years or 15 years for those filed on or after May 13, 2015. There are also 20 year long plant patents for inventors who asexually reproduce a newly discovered or invented variety of plant.^[2]
    
3. 
   Find out if you qualify. Patent extensions are sometimes granted if there are government regulatory delays or if newer laws extend the length of a patent. Sometimes, with very strong justification, you can try to get Congress to pass a bill to extend your patent. If you fall into one of these categories, then you may be able to get your patent extended.
    
4. 
   Be aware that extensions may not be an option. For most inventions, the given term for your patent will stand. Recognize that you may not be able to extend your patent for this particular invention. Focus, instead, on developing a new invention that you can then get a new patent for.
    

 Method2

Extending Your Patent

1. 
   Get a term adjustment. If you filed your patent after May 29, 2000 and your patent was delayed because the USPTO was taking longer than normal to process the paperwork, you may be eligible to file for an extension. The extension will cover the time lost from your patent term for the delay. The length of the extension you are approved for will depend on the delay time frame, but will not be longer than 5 years.
    
2. 
   Increase your original patent term. If you were initially granted less time than later legislation allows, you may be eligible to request an extension on your patent for the newer patent term. Under the Uruguay Rounds Agreements Act, utility patents granted before June of 1995 may be given an extension to 20 years instead of the original 17 years. This does not apply to design patents.
    
3. 
   Get an extension under the Hatch-Waxman Act. A patent term restoration under the Hatch-Waxman Act is sometimes given to those who qualify.This applies to those whose products or processes, such as medications, medical devices, food and color additives, require testing and approval by the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) before they can be marketed. The period of time that you were unable to sell your product because you were awaiting FDA approval may be restored as an extension to the original patent. ^[3]
    
4. 
   File for an extension with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). All application forms for patent extensions can be found on the USPTO website: here for applications filed before September 16, 2012 and here for those filed after this time frame. Know that there are filing fees associated with this application.The process for filing for the extension depends upon which reason for extension the patent falls under.
   

   • Generally, the application for extension must be in writing, include the identifying information for the patent, information about why the applicant is entitled to an extension, relevant dates to determine the length of the extension, copies of the patent documents, etc.
   • Be sure to check with the USPTO for the exact amount of the fee (around $1,000) and the proper procedure for requesting the extension for your case.
    
5. 
   Wait to hear back from the USPTO. It can take up to several months for the USPTO to process your request. As with any government process, patience is best. If you are eligible and have a good reason for an extension, then there's a chance you could be approved so waiting is worth it.
    
6. 
   Request an administrative hearing. If your extension request is denied, you have the right to appeal your denied request. Appeal forms can be found on the USPTO website: here for applications filed before September 16, 2012 and here for those filed after this time frame. Reasons for denial include defects in the paperwork you submitted to the USPTO asking for the extension and your invention being ineligible for extension. File an appeal and address any of the issues that your extension was denied in your written appeal.
   

   • The appeals process begins with your Notice of Appeal and fee payment. It will continue through various steps until it reaches the Patent Trial and Appeal Board. The board will make a decision on your case and complete the appeals process.
    
7. 
   Meet with an intellectual property lawyer. It could be very beneficial to consult with an attorney to review your options, especially if your request is denied. Your lawyer may be able to offer suggestions and ways to supplement your application. Filing for a patent extension can be complex and your lawyer can ensure that it is done correctly.
    

 Method3

Contacting Congress

1. 
   Be realistic. This is the least common form of attempting to extend a patent. Congress may not grant your request unless you have very convincing evidence for doing so. You also may need strong support from the community or a special interest group with persuasive lobbyists on your side.
   

   • Congress extended the copyright of works to 95 years over the original 75 in 1998. This was due mainly to influential corporations like the Walt Disney Company lobbying for the modification.^[4] Keep the kind of influence you may require in mind when you decide to send a bill requesting a patent extension through Congress on your behalf.
    
2. 
   Find a representative. Do some research on representatives in your area or someone you think would want to sponsor you in extending your patent. You will need to convince him or her that there is a very important reason you must extend your patent. It is best if they have a record of supporting the type of invention you have or are connected in some way to that field.
   • Only a member of Congress can propose private legislation to the legislative body.
    
3. 
   Draft a bill. It’s a good idea to do as much of the legwork as possible before approaching your representative. Your bill should be written in legal language and go over the reasons your patent should be granted an extension. You can check existing bills on the Congress website to get an idea what a bill looks like. It might be helpful to consult with a patent attorney when you're writing this as legalese can be difficult to master.^[5]
   • Create a preamble. This is an introduction and general overview about your patent, the date it will expire and an explanation of why you need an extension on your patent.
   • Write up a body clause. This is the meat of your biIl and contains clauses that show what action needs to be taken—in this case, you want your patent to be extended.
   • Finish with an enactment clause. This tells when you want the bill to take effect. This will be the day your patent is due to expire.
   • Know that bills which need to take effect in 90 days or less will need 2/3 majority vote, while those that take effect after that time period will only require a majority vote. Send your bill in as early as possible.^[6]
    
4. 
   Submit your bill to your potential sponsor. Contact your representative by phone or email. Many have websites where you can fill out a form to submit your case. Be sure to ask what the process is like and when you can expect to hear back.
    
5. 
   Get a lobbyist to represent you. If your patent is important to certain groups or not extending it could cause harm, then look for someone with contacts to represent you. Lobbyist groups can put pressure on Congress to extend your patent. In order to do this, you need to have a good cause with far-reaching effects if your patent is not extended.
    
6. 
   Be patient. The legislative process can take time. It must go through multiple committees before the house will vote on it. After that, it must be signed in. The length of time this will take varies and is something you should discuss with your sponsor.
    

 

 

Tips

• It is best to file for an extension as soon as possible, as the USPTO generally takes months to process most filings.

 Warnings

• The request for patent extension should be made 3 months prior to the date on which the patent is set to expire.

 

 

Sources and Citations

1. ↑ http://www.bpmlegal.com/patqa.html#2
2. ↑ http://www.uspto.gov/patents-getting-started/patent-basics/types-patent-applications/general-information-about-35-usc-161
3. ↑ http://corporate.findlaw.com/intellectual-property/patent-term-extensions-and-restoration-under-the-hatch-waxman-act.html#sthash.xuVfZJXF.dpuf

NEW PATENT, WO 2016178162, TENOFOVIR, CBZ INVESTMENTS LTD.

NEW PATENT

WO2016178162,  SYNTHESIS OF INTERMEDIATES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANTI-HIV AGENTS

CBZ INVESTMENTS LTD. [--/GB]; 122, Feering Hill, Feering, Colchester, Essex CO5 9PY (GB)

PRADHAN, Braja Sundar; (IN).
AMARNATH, Kommireddy; (IN).
VEMPALA, Naresh; (IN).
RAHMAN, Md. Ataur; (IN)

PRADHAN, Braja Sundar

Process for preparing 9-[2-(hydroxyl)propyl]adenine and 9-[2-phosphonomethoxypropyl]adenine, useful as intermediates in the synthesis of anti-HIV agents such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF).

Represents the first patenting to be seen from CBZ that focuses on tenofovir. Gilead Sciences, under license from the Rega Institute of Medical Research, had developed and launched TDF.

Gilead was also developing TAF, an isopropylalanilyl phenyl ester prodrug of TDF. In November 2016, TAF was reported to be in pre-registration phase.

The present invention relates to a process of preparing intermediates of Formula (I). The process comprises of reacting compound of Formula (III) with compound of Formula (V) in the presence of a solvent selected from an alcohol, ether or water to form compound of Formula (I) wherein, R1 is selected from –NH2, Cl, Br, NHCOR", wherein R" is alkyl, aryl, Schiff's base of formula N=CHR', wherein R' is alkyl or aryl; R2 is selected from H, alkyl; R3 and R4, each independently is H; R5 and R6, each independently is H, alkyl; R7 is H, alkyl; and R8 is H, alkyl.

The US Patent US 5935946A discloses a method for preparation of 9-[2-(R)-(hydroxyl)propyl]adenine. The method involved coupling (R)-1 ,2-propylene carbonate with adenine under basic condition in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 130°C for 18-30 h to furnish the said product. The referred intermediate compound, (R)-1 , 2-propylene carbonate in turn was prepared in two steps from (S)-Glycidol. In the first step, (S)-Glycidol was subjected to reductive hydrogenation conditions to prepare (R)- 1 ,2-propanediol. In the following step, the diol reacted with diethyl carbonate under suitable reaction conditions to furnish the said carbonate.

A process reported in Technical Reports, Volume 9, Number 14, page 2/7, Joint American Chemical Society, 59th Northwest and 18th Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting, Logan, Utah, June 6-9, 2004 by Robert C. Ronald and John M. Whitaker discloses an entirely different process for the synthesis of the said intermediate compound, (R)-1 , 2-propylene carbonate. The synthesis used ethyl (S)- lactate as the starting material. It was transformed to an intermediate compound, (S)-2-tosyloxy-1 -propanol, which, in the subsequent step, reacted with CO2 in the presence of a phase transfer reagent, 18-crown-6, to provide the required (R)-1 ,2-propylene carbonate.

The process reported in the US Patent US 5935946A suffers from various drawbacks. The first drawback lies in the coupling between (R)-1 ,2-propylene carbonate and adenine. The use of such a high boiling solvent such as Ν, Ν-dimethylformamide as the reaction medium and conducting the reaction at as high a temperature as 130°C for a long duration of time do throw operational and work up challenges in commercial production. Secondly, the preparation of the important intermediate compound, (R)-1 ,2-propylene carbonate, throws a bigger challenge; its preparation when taken into account the preparation of (S)-Glycidol is cumbersome, involving many steps including a step of reductive hydrogenation using a fairly expensive heavy metal catalyst. The second process for preparing (R)-1 ,2-propylene carbonate as reported in Technical Report does not offer any significant advantage even though it uses an inexpensive starting material; the use of the phase transfer reagent, 18-crown-6, renders the process commercially unattractive.

Scheme 1

The reaction scheme for preparing compound of Formula II is represented below:

Scheme 2

Formula II

L-(+)-Lactic axid VIII IX

a. i. Methanol ii. Thionyl cMoride c. i. NaBH4 ii. Methanol / DicMoromethane

d. K2C03

Scheme: 3

Example: 1 Preparation of Methyl L-(+)-lactate (VIII)

Thionyl chloride (96.72 ml) was added drop by drop to a solution of L-(+) lactic acid (100 g) in methanol (500 ml) at -10°C over a period of 1 h. After the completion of addition, the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred at this temperature until the reaction was complete as indicated by TLC. The reaction mixture was concentrated at 90°C to furnish an oil which was dissolved in dichloromethane (250 ml). The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2 X 150 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated at 50°C to give VIII; yield: 79 g.

Example: 2 Preparation of Methyl 2-(S)-methylsul†onyloxypropionate (IX)

Triethylamine (107 ml) was added to a cold, stirred solution of methyl (S)-lactate (40 g) in dichloromethane (400 ml) -10°C. Methanesulfonyl chloride (38.8 ml) was added to the reaction mixture drop by drop over a period of 1 h at this temperature, and the reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for about 2 h when the reaction was complete, as indicated by TLC. The reaction mixture was poured on cold water (400 ml) and stirred for 10 minutes. The separated organic layer was washed with 5 % dilute hydrochloric acid (1 X 80 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (1 X 100 ml), brine (1 X 100 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated at 50°C to furnish the desired product; 48.2 g.

Example: 3 Preparation of 2-(R)-(+)-propylene oxide (V)

Method: A

Methanol (6 ml) was added to a solution of the mesylated methyl (S)-lactate (3 g) in dichloromethane (9 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled to -10°C and sodium borohydride (748 mg) was added to the mixture in divided portions over a period of 0.5 h at this temperature. After 4 h at this temperature, when the reaction was complete as indicated by TLC, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 ml) and dichloromethane (20 ml) and warmed to room temperature. After 10 minutes at room temperature, layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with

10 % aqueous citric acid solution (1 X 10 ml), brine (1 X 10 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure at 40°C to give mesylated alcohol; yield: 1 .1 g. The crude mesylated alcohol was treated with potassium carbonate, and distilled to furnish (R)-(+)-propylene oxide.

Example: 4 Preparation of 2-(R)-hydroxypropanol (XII)

Sodium borohydride (1 .81 g) was added to a stirred, cold solution of methyl (D)-lactate (5 g) in methanol (25 ml) at -5°C in divided portions over a period of 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 3 h when the reaction was complete as indicated by TLC. The reaction mixture was neutralized with concentrated hydrochloric acid until the pH of the mixture attained the range 6- 7, and then concentrated under reduced pressure at 40°C. The residue thus obtained was dissolved in ethyl acetate (30 ml) and filtered. The filtrate was washed with water (1 X 20 ml), brine (1 X 5 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure at 40°C to give the product XII; yield: 1 .97 g.

Example: 5 Preparation of 2-(R)- (+)-propylene oxide (V)

Method: B

Pyridine (1 .58 ml) was added to a solution of the diol (XII) (0.5 g) in dichloromethane (6 ml) at room temperature. 4-Tolunesulfonyl chloride (1 . 5g) was added at -78°C and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature

until the reaction was complete as indicated by TLC. The reaction mixture was poured into cold water to separate the layers. The organic layer was washed with 10% dilute hydrochloric acid, water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated at 40°C to furnish a residue which was purified to furnish the said compound XIII; yield: 0.7 g. The alcohol was was treated with potassium carbonate, and distilled to furnish (R)-(+)-propylene oxide.

Example: 6 Preparation of 9-[2-(R)-(Hydroxy)propyl]adenine (I)

Method-A

Sodium hydroxide (3 g) was added to a stirred suspension of adenine (10 g) in water (50 ml) at room temperature, and the reaction mixture was heated to 100-1 10°C. After 5 hrs at this temperature, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool down to 25°C. Ammonium chloride (3.96 g) and 2-(R)-(+) propylene oxide (6.44 g) were added in succession to the reaction mixture at this temperature. The reaction mixture was maintained at this temperature until the reaction was complete as indicated by TLC. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at 55°C to furnish the desired product, contaminated with unidentified polar impurities. The crude material was purified by column chromatography using a solvent system comprising of methanol and dichloromethane (1 : 9) as the eluant to furnish 9-[2-(R)- (hydroxyl)propyl]adenine as a white solid; yield: 5.5 g.

Example: 7 Preparation of 9-[2-(R)-(Hydroxy)propyl]adenlne (I)

Method-B

Potassium tert-butoxide (4.15 g) was added to a stirred suspension of adenine (10 g) in methanol (150 ml) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, and stirred at this temperature for 30 minutes. R-(+)-Propylene oxide (6.44 g) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature until the reaction was complete, as indicated by TLC. The reaction mixture was neutralized with methanesulfonic acid and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to furnish the desired product, contaminated with unidentified polar impurities. The crude material was purified by column chromatography using a solvent system comprising of methanol and dichloromethane (1 :9) as the eluant to furnish 9-[2-(R)-(hydroxyl)propyl]adenine as a white solid; yield: 6.2 g.

Example: 8 Preparation of 9-[2-(R)-(Hydroxyl)propyl]adenine (I) Method-C

Potassium carbonate (204 mg) was added to a stirred suspension of adenine (5 g) in a solvent mixture comprising of methanol (13 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide (2.5 ml) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. (R)-(+)-Propylene oxide (3.78 ml) was added to the reaction mixture in three divided batches over a period of 20 h, and the reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature until the reaction was complete, as indicated by TLC. The reaction mixture was neutralized with methanesulfonic acid and concentrated under reduced pressure. Toluene (15 ml) was added to the residue thus obtained. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and stirred at this temperature for 2 h to maximize the precipitation of the desired compound. The precipitated material was filtered and dried to furnish 9-[2-(R)-(hydroxyl)propyl]adenine, crude yield: 6.8 g. The product was contaminated with unidentified polar impurities. The crude material was carried over to the following step without any purification.

Example: 9 Preparation of 9-[2-(R)-(hydroxyl)propyl]adenine (I)

Method-D

Magnesium di-tert-butoxide (630 mg) was added to a stirred suspension of adenine (5 g) in a solvent mixture comprising of methanol (15 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide (15 ml) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. (R)-(+)-Propylene oxide (3.78 ml) was added to the reaction mixture in three divided batches over a period of 20 h and the mixture was stirred at room temperature until the reaction was complete, as indicated by TLC. The reaction mixture was then neutralized with methanesulfonic acid and concentrated under reduced pressure. Toluene (15ml) was added to the residue thus obtained. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and stirred at this temperature for 2 h to maximize the precipitation of the desired compound. The precipitated material was filtered and dried to furnish 9-[2-(R)-(hydroxyl)propyl]adenine, crude yield: 6.4 g. The product was contaminated with unidentified polar impurities. The crude material was carried over to the following step without any purification.

Example: 10 Preparation of 9-[2-(R)-(Hydroxyl)propyl]adenine (I) Method: E

Magnesium di-tert-butoxide (100 mg) was added to a stirred suspension of adenine (2 g) in methanol (12 ml) at 0°C. After 6 h at this temperature, sodium hydroxide (24 mg) and (R)-(+)Propylene oxide (1 .25 g) were added in succession to the reaction mixture. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred at this temperature until the reaction was complete as indicated by TLC and concentrated under reduced pressure. Toluene (6 ml) was added to the residue thus obtained. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and stirred at this temperature for 2 h to maximize the precipitation of the desired compound. The precipitated material was filtered and dried to furnish 9-[2-(R)-(hydroxyl)propyl]adenine, crude yield: 3.2 g. The product was contaminated with unidentified polar impurities. The crude material was carried over to the following step without any purification.

Example: 11 Preparation of 9-[2-(R)-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] adenine (II).

Method-A

Magnesium di-tert-butoxide (51 mg) was added to a stirred suspension of adenine (2 g) in methanol (12 ml) at 10°C. After 4 h at this temperature, sodium hydroxide (12 mg) and (R)-(+)-propylene oxide (1 .25 g) were added in succession to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred at this temperature until the reaction was complete, as indicated by TLC. Methanol was evaporated under vacuum. N, N-Dimethylformamide (16 ml) was added to the crude reaction mixture thus obtained and the mixture was heated to 60-70°C. Magnesium di-tert-butoxide (7 g) was added to the reaction mixture in four divided batches over a period of 15 minutes at this temperature. The mixture was heated to 80-90°C, and stirred at this temperature for 30 minutes. Diethyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethylphosphonate (13.2 g) was added drop by drop to the reaction mixture over a period of 4 h, and the mixture was stirred at this temperature until the reaction was complete, as indicated by TLC. N, N-Dimethylformamide was distilled out under vacuum at 90-100°C. Aqueous hydrobromic acid (48% w/w, 30 ml) was then added to the residue and the reaction mixture was heated to gentle reflux. After approximately 20 h at this condition, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool down to room temperature and filtered. The filtered solid was washed with dichloromethane (10 ml). The washing was concentrated to furnish a residue. The residue was combined with the filtrate and the combined filtrate was washed with dichloromethane (2 X 10 ml). To the aqueous layer, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (50 %) was added until the pH attained 2.1 -3. After several hours at room temperature, the aqueous layer was cooled to 0- 5°C and stirred at this temperature for further hours to maximize precipitation of the desired product from the solution. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with cold water (1 X 5 ml), acetone (2X 5 ml) and dried to obtain 9-[2-(R)-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine; yield: 1 .42 g.

Example: 12 Preparation of 9-[2-(R)-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] adenine (II)

Method-B

Magnesium di-tert-butoxide (1 .76 g) was added in four divided batches to a stirred suspension of 9-[2-(R)-(hydroxyl)propyl)adenine] (1 g) in N, N-dimethylformamide (3 ml) at 60-70°C over a period of 1 h. The reaction mixture was heated to 90°C and diethyl chloromethylphosphonate (1 .93 g) was added drop by drop to the reaction mixture over a period of 4 h. The reaction mixture was maintained at this temperature until the reaction was complete, as indicated by TLC. Ν, Ν-Dimethylformamide was distilled out under vacuum at 90-100°C. To the residue thus obtained, aqueous hydrobromic acid (48% w/w, 10 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to gentle reflux. After approximately 20 h at this condition, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool down to room temperature and filtered. The filtered solid was washed with dichloromethane (10 ml). The washing was concentrated to furnish a residue. The residue was combined with the filtrate and the combined filtrate was washed with dichloromethane (2 X 10 ml). To the aqueous layer, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (50%) was added until the pH attained 2.1 -3. After several hours at room temperature, the aqueous layer was cooled to 0-5 °C and stirred at this temperature for further hours to maximize precipitation of the desired product from the solution. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with cold water (1 X 5 ml), acetone (2 X 5 ml) and dried to obtain 9-[2-(R)-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine; yield: 0.7 g.

Example: 13 Prepration of diethyl (chloromethyl)phosphonate (VI)

Pyridine (108 ml) was added to a stirred solution of (hydroxymethyl)phosphonic acid (50 g) in benzene (300 ml) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated to 60°C. Thionyl chloride (100 ml) was added to the mixture over a period of 30 min at this temperature. After 1 h at this temperature, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool down to room temperature, stirred for 3 h at this temperature and cooled to 10°C. The precipitated solid was filtered and washed with benzene (100 ml). The washing was combined with the filtrate and the combined filtrate was concentrated at 100°C to furnish an oil. The oil was fraction distilled under reduced pressure to furnish a

colourless liquid; yield: 22 g. The liquid was cooled 0°C. Ethanol (40 ml) was added to the liquid at this temperature. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 3 h at this temperature and diluted with dichloromethane (100ml). The combined organic layer was washed with water (2 χ 50 ml), brine (50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to furnish diethyl (chloromethyl)phosphonate as a colorless liquid; yield: 18 g.

Ph.D. CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
Advisor: Dr. J. S. Yadav
M.Sc. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

mdataur_rahman@fas.harvard.edu

ANY ERROR INFORM ME +919323115463, amcrasto@gmail.com

//////////////NEW PATENT,   WO2016178162,  SYNTHESIS OF INTERMEDIATES, MANUFACTURE OF ANTI-HIV AGENTS,   CBZ INVESTMENTS LTD.

WO 2016181414, IVACAFTOR, NEW PATENT, COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

CSIR, Dr. D. Srinivasa Reddy

WO2016181414, PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF IVACAFTOR AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016181414&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

REDDY, Dumbala Srinivasa; (IN).
NATARAJAN, Vasudevan; (IN).
JACHAK, Gorakhnath Rajaram; (IN)

COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH [IN/IN]; Anusandhan Bhawan, Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 (IN)

The present patent discloses a novel one pot two-step process for the synthesis of ivacaftor and related compounds of [Formula (I)], wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and Ar₁are as described above; its tautomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof starting from indole acetic acid amides

See Eur J Org Chem, Nov 2015, for an article by the inventors, describing a process for preparing ivacaftor using 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid amides. The inventors appear to be based at National Chemical Laboratories of CSIR.

Ivacaftor, also known as N-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl)-l,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide, having the following Formula (A):

Formula (A)

[003] Ivacaftor was approved by FDA and marketed by vertex pharma for the treatment of cystic fibrosis under the brand name KALYDECO® in the form of 150 mg oral tablets. Kalydeco® is indicated for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in patients age 6 years and older who have a G55ID mutation in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator)gene.

[004] U.S. 20100267768 discloses a process for preparation of ivacaftor, which involves the coupling of 4-oxo-l,4-dihydro-3- quinoline carboxylic acid with hydroxyl protected phenol intermediate in the presence of propyl phosphonic anhydride (T₃P®) followed by deprotection of hydroxyl protection group and optional crystallization with isopropyl acetate. The publication also discloses the use of highly expensive coupling reagent, propyl phosphonic anhydride; which in turn results to an increase in the manufacturing cost. The process disclosed is schematically represented as follows:

[005] Article titled "Discovery of N-(2,4-Di-te -butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (VX-770, Ivacaftor), a Potent and Orally Bioavailable CFTR Potentiator" byHadida,S et. al in . Med. Chem., 2014, 57 (23), pp 9776-9795 reportsN-(2,4-di-teri-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo- 1 ,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (VX-770, 48, ivacaftor), an investigational drug candidate approved by the FDA for the treatment of CF patients 6 years of age and older carrying the G551D mutation.

[006] WO 2014125506 A2 discloses a process for the preparation of ivacaftor in high yield and purity by using novel protected quinolone carboxylic acid compounds as intermediates.

[007] Article titled "Expeditious synthesis of ivacaftor" by Jingshan Shen et. al in Heterocycles, 2014, 89 (4), pp 1035 - 1040 reports an expeditious synthesis for ivacaftor featuring modified Leimgruber-Batcho procedure. The overall yield is 39% over six steps from commercially available 2-nitrobenzoyl chloride.

[008] U.S.2011/064811 discloses a process for preparation of ivacaftor, which involves condensation of 4-oxo-l,4-dihydro-3- quinolone carboxylic acid with 5- amino-2,4-di-(tert-butyl)phenol in the presence of HBTU followed by the formation of ethanol crystalate, which is then treated with diethyl ether to yield ivacaftor as a solid.

[010] U.S. 7,495,103 discloses modulators of ATP-binding cassette transporters such as ivacaftor and a process for the preparation of modulators of ATP-binding cassette transporters such as quinolone compounds. The process includes condensation of 4-oxo-l,4-dihydro-3 -quinolone carboxylic acid with aniline in presence of 2-(lH-7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluoro phosphate methanaminium (HATU) as shown:

[011] U.S. 2011/230519 discloses a process for preparation of 4-oxo-l,4-dihydro-3-quinoline carboxylic acid by reaction of aniline with diethylethoxymethylenemalonate at 100-110°C followed by cyclization in phenyl ether at temperature 228-232°C and then hydrolysis, as shown below:

[012] US 7,402,674 B2 discloses 7-Phenylamino-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid derivatives, process for their preparation and their use as medicaments.

[013] US 4,981,854 discloses l-aryl-4-quinolone-3 carboxylic acids, processes for their preparation and anti-bacterial agents and feed additives containing these compounds.

Article titled "Ozonolysis Applications in Drug Synthesis" by Van Ornum,S.G. ; Champeau,R.M.; Pariza,R. in Chem. Rev., 2006, 106 (7), pp 2990-3001 reports that ozonolysis for the synthesis of numerous interesting bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical agents.

[014] Article titled "Safe Execution of a Large-Scale Ozonolysis: Preparation of the Bisulfite Adduct of 2-Hydroxyindan-2-carbox-aldehyde and Its Utility in a Reductive Animation" by RaganJ.A. et. al. in Org. Proc. Res. Dev., 2003, 7 (2), pp 155-160 reports various routes to bisulfite adduct, the most efficient of which involved vinyl Grignard addition to 2-indanone followed by ozonolysis and workup with aqueous NaHS0₃ to effect reduction and bisulfite formation in a single pot. The utility of bisulfite adduct is as an aldehyde surrogate in a reductive amination reaction.

[015] The reported methods for the synthesis of ivacaftor suffered from several drawbacks such as harsh conditions, high temperature reactions and use of large excess of polyphosphoric acid and corrosive phosphoryl chloride etc. Furthermore, synthesis of ivacaftor requires use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques for the separation of ivacaftor and their analogues.

[016] Therefore, development of a simple and efficient synthetic route is in urgent need. Accordingly the present inventors developed environmentally benign, cost effective and short synthetic route for the synthesis of ivacaftor and their analogues.

Example 1:

Procedur A:

To a solution of indole acetic acid (500 mg, 2.85 mmol), aniline (2.85 mmol), HOBt (3.4 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL), EDC.HCl (3.4 mmol) followed by DIPEA (11.4 mmol) was added, and mixture was stirred for 16 h at ambient temperature. The

reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness, diluted with EtOAc (25 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHC0₃ solution (5 mL), H₂0 (5 mL), brine (5 mL), and dried over Na₂S04. The crude material obtained after removal of solvent was purified by column chromatography (silica gel 230-400 mesh, ethyl acetate - pet ether) to afford corresponding amide as a colorless solid.

[040] Example 2:

2-(lH-indol-3-yl)-N-phenylacetamide (1) :

Yield: 570 mg; 80%; 1H NMR (200MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ = 10.95 (brs, 1 H), 10.14 (s, 1 H), 7.64 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 3 H), 7.47 - 7.24 (m, 4 H), 7.21 - 6.92 (m, 3 H), 3.76 (s, 2H); MS: 273 (M+Na)⁺.

[041] Example 3:

5-(2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetamido)-2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl methyl carbonate (2): Yield: 800 mg; 64%; 1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ = 11.51 (brs, 1 H), 9.41 (s, 1 H), 8.12 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.96 - 7.78 (m, 3 H), 7.71 - 7.42 (m, 3 H), 4.34 (s, 3 H), 4.30 (s, 2 H), 1.79 (s, 9 H), 1.64 (s, 9 H); MS: 459 (M+Na)⁺.

[042] Example 4:

(S)-2-(lH-indol-3-yl)-N-(l-phenylethyl)acetamide (3):

Yield: 620 mg; 78%; 1H NMR (400MHz ,DMSO-d₆)5 = 10.88 (brs, 1 H), 8.48 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.59 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.39 - 7.26 (m, 5 H), 7.25 - 7.16 (m, 2 H), 7.08 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.02 - 6.95 (m, 1 H), 4.96 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.59 (s, 2H), 1.38 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 3 H).

[043] Example 5:

N-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetamide (4):

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) : δ 10.93 (brs, 1H), 10.17 (s, 1H), 7.68 - 7.61 (m, 3H), 7.36 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 - 7.13 (m, 3H), 7.11 - 6.99 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆) : δ 170.1, 159.5, 157.1, 136.6, 136.3, 127.7, 124.4, 121.5, 121.3, 121.2, 119.1, 118.9, 115.8, 115.6, 111.8, 108.9, 34.2; MS: 269 (M+H)⁺

[044] Example 6:

N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetamide (5):

1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 510.93 (brs, 1H),10.24 (s, 1H), 7.67 - 7.59 (m, 3H), 7.36 - 7.27 (m, 4H), 7.12 - 6.98 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 2H); ¹³CNMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 5170.4, 138.9, 136.7, 129.1, 127.8, 127.1, 124.5, 121.6, 121.2, 119.2, 119.0, 115.7, 111.9, 108.9, 34.3; MS: 285 (M+H)⁺.

[045] Example 7:

2-(lH-Indol-3-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)acetamide (6) :

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 510.91 (brs, 1H), 10.01 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.29 - 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.10 - 7.07 (m, 3H), 7.01 - 6.99 (m, 1H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-de): 5170.0, 137.4, 136.6, 132.4, 129.5, 127.7, 124.3, 121.4, 119.6, 119.2, 118.8, 111.8, 109.1, 34.2, 20.9; MS: 265 (M+H)⁺.

[046] Example 8:

N-(4-Ethylphenyl)-2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetamide (7):

^XH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 510.91 (brs, 1H), 10.01 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.15 - 7.04 (m, 3H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 2.55 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.15 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 5169.9, 138.9, 137.6, 136.6, 128.3, 127.7, 124.3, 121.4, 119.6, 119.2, 118.8, 111.8, 109.1, 40.6, 40.4, 40.2, 40.0, 39.8, 39.6, 39.4, 34.2, 28.0, 16.2; MS: 279 (M+H)⁺.

[047] Example 9:

2-(lH-Indol-3-yl)-N-(4-propylphenyl)acetamide (8):

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 58.48 (brs, 1H), 7.64 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 - 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.33 - 7.15 (m, 6H), 7.07 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 2.52 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.65 - 1.53 (m, 2H), 0.91 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 5169.7, 138.9, 136.5, 135.2, 128.8, 126.9, 124.0, 122.8, 120.4, 120.1, 118.7, 111.6, 108.7, 37.4, 34.5, 24.6, 13.7; MS: 315 (M+Na)⁺.

[048] Example 10:

2-(lH-Indol-3-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide (9) :

yield 79% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.91 (brs, 1H), 10.01 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.55 - 7.49 (m, = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 7.11 (m, = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.11 - 7.05 (m, 1H), 7.02 - 6.95 (m, 1H), 2.95 - 2.71 (m, 1H), 1.17 (d, = 6.8 Hz, 6H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 169.9, 143.5, 137.6, 136.6, 127.7, 126.8, 124.3, 121.4, 119.7, 119.2, 118.8, 111.8, 109.2, 24.4; MS: 315 (M+Na)⁺.

[049] Example 11:

2-(lH-indol-3-yl)-N-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)acetamide (10):

Yield 85% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 8.35 (brs., 1 H), 7.44 - 7.38 (m, 2 H), 7.27 - 7.21 (m, 3 H), 7.12 - 7.05 (m, 1H), 7.03 - 6.95 (m, 2H), 6.93 (d, = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 170.0, 145.3, 136.5, 136.2, 126.8, 124.1, 123.0, 121.6, 121.2, 120.5, 118.5, 111.7, 108.2, 34.4; MS: 335 (M+Na)⁺.

[050] Example 12:

N-(2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetamide (11):

Yield 75% ; ^XH NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.98 (brs, 1H), 9.27 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.39 - 7.32 (m, 3H), 7.09 - 6.99 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, = 3.0, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 170.4, 160.1, 141.1, 136.7, 130.0, 127.8, 124.4, 121.6, 119.2, 119.0, 111.9, 109.1, 105.4, 55.4, 34.4; MS: 315 (M+Na)⁺.

[051]Example 13:

N-(2-ethylphenyl)-2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetamide (12):

Yield 78% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 8.68 (brs, 1H), 7.95 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 - 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.29 - 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.22 - 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.05 (d, = 4.4 Hz, 2H), 2.00 (q, = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 0.67 (t, = 7.6 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 169.9, 136.6, 135.0, 134.3, 128.7, 126.7, 125.1, 124.1, 123.0, 122.5, 120.4, 118.7, 111.6, 108.6, 34.4, 24.2, 13.6.

[052] Example 14:

N-(2-bromophenyl)-2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetamide(13):

Yield 76%; 1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 11.00 (brs, 1H), 9.30 (s, 1H), 7.81 -7.77 (m, 1H), 7.63 - 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.41 - 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.11 - 7.05 (m, 3H), 3.85 (s, 2H);¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 169.9, 136.2, 132.5, 128.0, 127.2, 126.4, 125.5, 124.4, 121.2, 118.7, 118.5, 116.4, 111.4, 108.0, 33.2.

[053] Example 15:

N-benzyl-2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetamide (14):

Yield 85%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.89 (brs., 1H), 8.40 (t, = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.32 - 7.18 (m, 6H), 7.08 (t, = 7.5Hz, 1H), 7.03 - 6.90 (m, 1H), 4.28 (d, = 5.9Hz, 2H), 3.60 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-de): δ 171.2, 140.1, 136.6, 128.7, 127.7, 127.2, 124.3, 121.4, 119.2, 118.7, 111.8, 109.3, 42.7, 33.2.

[054] Example 16:

2-(lH-indol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)acetamide(15):

Yield 85% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.87 (brs, 1 H), 8.32 (t, = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.55 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22 - 7.13 (m, 3H), 7.11 - 7.05 (m, 1 H), 7.00 - 6.94 (m, 1H), 6.84 (d, = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.20 (d, = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 171.1, 158.6, 136.6, 132.0, 129.0, 127.7, 124.2, 121.4, 119.2, 118.7, 114.1, 111.8, 109.4, 55.5, 42.1, 33.2.

[055] Example 17:

N,N-dibenzyl-2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetamide (16):

Yield 70% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.91 (brs, 1H), 7.50 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.37 - 7.34 (m, 3H), 7.30 (d, = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25 - 7.19 (m, 3H), 7.17 (t, = 6.6 Hz, 5H), 7.16 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.00 - 6.97 (m, 1H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 171.7, 138.2, 136.6, 129.2, 128.8, 128.1, 127.8, 127.7, 127.5, 127.1, 124.2, 121.5, 119.2, 118.8, 111.8, 108.5, 50.7, 48.4, 31.2.

[056] Example 18:

2-(lH-indol-3-yl)-N-propylacetamide (17):

Yield 75% ; ^XH NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.86 (brs, 1H), 7.88 - 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.56 (d, = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.06 - 6.92 (m, 2H), 3.48 (s, 2H), 3.00 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (sxt, / = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 0.88 - 0.75 (t, = 7.2 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 171.0, 136.6, 127.8, 124.2,

121.4, 119.2, 118.7, 111.8, 109.6, 39.4, 33.3, 22.9, 11.9.

[057] Example 19:

N-hexyl-2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetamide (18) :

Yield 87% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.84 (brs, 1H), 7.83 (brs, 1H), 7.54 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.21 - 7.13 (m, 1H), 7.06 (t, = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 3.03 (q, / = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.37 (t, = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.30 - 1.15 (m, 6H), 0.84 (t, = 6.7 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 170.9, 136.6, 127.7, 124.2, 121.3, 119.1, 118.7, 111.7, 109.5, 39.06, 33.2, 31.5, 29.6, 26.5, 22.5, 14.4.

[058] Example 20:

Methyl (2-(lH-indol-3-yl)acetyl)-L-alaninate (19):

Yield 79% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 8.53 (brs, 1H), 7.60 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.25 - 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.19 - 7.14 (m, 2H), 6.27 (d, = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (t, = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 1.31 (d, = 7.3 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 173.4, 171.2, 136.4, 127.0, 123.8, 122.5, 119.9, 118.7,

111.5, 108.5, 52.4, 48.0, 33.3, 18.2.

[059] Example 21:

-(6-chloro-lH-indol-3-yl)-N-phenylacetamide(20):

To a solution of 6-Chloro indole 20a (300 mg, 1.98 mmol )in anhydrous THF, Oxalyl chloride (186 μΤ, 276 mg, 2.18 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature. After 2 h, N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (758 μΤ, 562 mg, 4.35 mmol) was

introduced to the mixture, followed by the aniline (221.0 mg, 2.37 mmol). The temperature was raised to 45 °C, and heating continued for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated, and then mixture was diluted with EtOAC (15 mL), washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂S0₄. The crude material obtained after removal of solvent was purified by column chromatography (10 - 20% EtOAc : Petroleum ether) to afford 20b (295 mg, 51% yield) as a yellow coloured solid. IR O_max(film): 3346, 3307,2853, 1724, 1678 cm^"1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.40 (br. s., 1H), 10.68 (s, 1H), 8.79 (d, = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.41 - 7.30 (m, 3H), 7.19 - 7.13 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 182.5, 162.5, 140.0, 138.4, 137.4, 129.2, 128.5, 125.4, 124.8, 123.4, 122.9, 120.8, 113.0, 112.3; HRMS (ESI) Calculated for Ci₆HnN₂OCl[M+H]⁺: 299.0582, found 299.0580;

A solution of 20b (300 mg, 0.99 mmol) dissolved in MeOH (40 mL) was added to NaBH₄ (45 mg, 1.23 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 4h and then added to saturated solution of Na₂S0₄. The reaction mixture was further stirred for lh and then filtered through Celite.The filtrate obtained was concentrated in vacuo, and then mixture was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL), washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂S0₄. The crude material obtained after removal of solvent was forwarded for next step without further purification.In an N₂ atmosphere, TMSC1 (1.272 mL, 9.9 mmol) in CH₃CN (40 mL) was added to sodium iodide (1.488 mg, 9.9 mmol) and stirred for 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and a solution of above crude alcohol (0.99 mmol) in CH₃CN (10 mL) was then added drop wise over 30 min, followed by stirring for 3h. The reaction mixture was poured into NaOH (7g in 40 mL of water) and then extracted with ethyl acetate (15x2). The organic layer was washed with aq.Na₂S₂0₃, dried over Na₂S0₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc:Pet ether) to afford 20 as a off white solid (two steps 38 % ); IR Umax(film): 3273, 3084,2953, 2857, 1629, 1562 cm^"1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 11.06 (br. s., 1H), 10.13 (br. s., 1H), 7.62 - 7.57 (m, 3H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.30 - 7.25 (m, 3H), 7.04 - 6.99 (m, 2H), 3.71 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 170.1,

139.7, 136.9, 129.2, 126.5, 126.3, 125.5, 123.7, 120.6, 119.6, 119.3, 111.5, 109.4, 34.0; HRMS (ESI):Calculated for Ci₆Hi₄N₂OCl[M+H]⁺: 285.0789, found 285.0786.

[060] Example 22:

2-(5-chloro-lH-indol-3-yl)-N-phenylacetamide(21):

21a 21b 21

To a solution of 5-Chloro indole 21a (300 mg, 1.98 mmol )in anhydrous THF(20 mL), Oxalyl chloride (186 ^L, 276 mg, 2.18 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature. After 2 h, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (758 μΕ, 562 mg, 4.35 mmol) was introduced to the mixture, followed by the aniline (221.0 mg, 2.37 mmol). The tempera ture was raised to 45 °C, and heating continued for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated, and then mixture was diluted with EtOAC (15 mL), washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂S04. The crude material obtained after removal of solvent was purified by column chromatography (10 - 20% EtOAc : Petroleum ether) to afford (21b) (305 mg, 53% yield) as a yellow coloured solid. IR rj_max(film): 3346, 3307,2853, 1724, 1678 cm^"1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.40 (br. s., 1H), 10.68 (s, 1H), 8.79 (d, = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.42 - 7.30 (m, 3H), 7.20 - 7.14 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 182.4, 162.4, 140.3, 138.4, 135.4, 129.2, 127.9, 124.8, 124.1, 120.8, 114.8, 112.0; HRMS (ESI) Calculated for Ci₆HnN₂OCl[M+H]⁺: 299.0582, found 299.0580; A solution of 21b (200 mg, 0.66 mmol) dissolved in MeOH (30 mL) was added to NaBH₄ (30 mg, 0.82 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 4h and then added to saturated solution of Na₂S0₄. The reaction mixture was further stirred for lh and then filtered through Celite. The filtrate obtained was concentrated in vacuo, and then mixture was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL), washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂S0₄. The crude material obtained after removal of solvent was forwarded for next step without further purification. In an N₂ atmosphere, TMSC1 (848 mL, 6.6 mmol) in CH₃CN (25 mL) was added to sodium iodide (992 mg, 6.6 mmol) and stirred for 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and a solution of above crude alcohol(0.66 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was then added dropwise over 30 min, followed by stirring for 3h. The reaction mixture was poured into NaOH (5g in 30 mL of water) and then extracted with ethyl acetate(15x2). The organic layer was washed with aq.Na₂S₂0₃, dried over Na₂S0₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc:Pet ether) to afford 22 as a off white solid (two steps 42 % ); IR Umax(film): 3273, 3084,2955, 2857, 1629, 1562 cm^"1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 11.13 (br. s., 1H), 10.11 (s, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.39 - 7.27 (m, 4H), 7.13 - 7.02 (m, 2H), 3.16 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 169.9, 139.8, 135.0, 129.2, 128.9, 126.2, 123.6, 121.4, 119.6, 118.6, 113.4, 109.0, 34.0; HRMS (ESI) Calculated for Ci₆H₁₄N₂OCl[M+H]⁺: 285.0789, found 285.0786.

[061] Example 23:

2-(l-benzyl-lH-indol-3-yl)-N-phenylacetamide (22):

Yield 79% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.67 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (brs, 1H), 7.43 - 7.31 (m, 6H), 7.31 - 7.25 (m, 3H), 7.23 - 7.15 (m, 4H), 7.12 - 7.06 (m, 1H), 5.36 (s, 2H), 3.91 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 169.7, 137.7, 137.2, 137.0, 128.9, 128.9, 127.9, 127.6, 126.9, 124.3, 122.7, 120.2, 119.9, 119.0, 110.2, 107.9, 77.4, 77.1, 76.8, 50.1, 34.5.

[062] Example 24:

Procedure B:

2-(lH-indol-3-yl)-N-phenylacetamidel(100 mg; 0.4 mmol) was dissolved in DCM:MeOH(50 mL; 5: 1), then a stream of 0₃ was passed through the solution until a blue color developed (10 min). The 0₃ stream was continued for 4 min. Then surplus O3 was removed by passing a stream of 0₂ through the solution for 10 min or until the blue colorcompletely vanished. Afterwards pyridine (0.1 mL;1.2mmol) was added to the cold (- 78 °C) mixture. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature (1 h) and then Et₃N (0.35 mL; 2.4 mmol) were added. After stirring at room temperature overnight the reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness, diluted with EtOAc (30 mL), washed with H₂0 (5 mL), brine (5 mL), and dried over Na₂S0₄. The crude material obtained after removal of solvent was purified by column chromatography (silica gel 230-400 mesh, MeOH - DCM) to give desired quinolone carboxamide as colorless solid.

[063] Example 25:

4-oxo-N-phenyl-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (23):

Yield: 65 mg; 62%; ^XH NMR (200MHz ,DMSO-d₆) δ = 12.97 (brs, 1 H), 12.49 (s, 1 H), 8.89 (s, 1 H), 8.33 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.91 - 7.69 (m, 4 H), 7.62 - 7.50 (m, 1 H), 7.37 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2 H), 7.18 - 7.01 (m, 1 H); MS: 287 (M+Na)⁺.

[064] Example 26:

2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-(4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamido)phenyl methyl carbonate (24):

Yield: 35 mg; 34%; 1H NMR (400MHz ,DMSO-d₆) δ = 12.96 (brs, 1 H), 12.08 (s, 1 H), 8.94 - 8.82 (m, 1 H), 8.44 - 8.28 (m, 1 H), 7.86 - 7.79 (m, 1 H), 7.78 - 7.73 (m, 1 H), 7.59 (s, 1 H), 7.53 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.39 (s, 1 H), 3.86 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (s, 9 H), 1.32 (s, 9 H).

[065] Example 27:

(S)-4-oxo-N-(l-phenylethyl)-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (25):

Yield: 56 mg; 53%; 1H NMR (500MHz ,DMSO-d₆) δ = 12.75 (brs, 1H), 10.54 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.73 (brs, 1H), 8.28 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.73 -7.68 (m, 1 H), 7.50 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.42 - 7.34 (m, 4 H), 7.29 - 7.23 (m, 1 H), 5.18 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 1.50 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 3 H).

[066] Example 28:

Synthesis of ivacaftor (26):

To a solution of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-(4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamido)phenyl methyl carbonate 5 (30 mg, 0.06mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added NaOH (5.3 mg, 0.13mmol) dissolved in H₂0 (2 mL), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5h. Reaction mass was evaporated to one third of its volume (temperature not exceeding 40°C) and acidified with aq.2N HC1 to pH 2-3. The resulting precipitate was collected by suction filtration give desired compound 7 (19 mg, 76%) as off white solid H NMR (400MHz ,DMSO-d₆) δ = 12.88 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 11.81 (s, 1 H), 9.20 (s, 1 H), 8.86 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.32 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.88 - 7.65 (m, 2 H), 7.51 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.16 (s, 1 H), 7.10 (s, 1 H), 1.38 (s,9H), 1.36 (s, 9H).

[067] Example 29:

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (27):

Yield 56% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.96 (br. s., 1H), 12.50 (s, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.33 (d, = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.86 - 7.72 (m, 4H), 7.54 (t, = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (t, = 8.8 Hz, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 176.8, 163.2, 159.7, 157.3, 144.6, 139.6, 135.7, 133.5, 126.4, 125.9, 125.8, 121.8, 119.7, 116.1, 115.9, 110.9.

[068] Example 30:

N-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (28):

Yield 51% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 13.00 (brs., 1H), 12.59 (br. s., 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.34 (d, = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.83 - 7.76 (m, 4H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, = 7.9 Hz, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 176.8, 163.4, 144.7, 139.6, 138.2, 133.5, 129.4, 127.4, 126.4, 125.9, 125.8, 121.6, 119.7, 110.8.

[069] Example 31:

4-oxo-N-(p-tolyl)-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (29):

Yield 57% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.94 (brs., 1H), 12.40 (s, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.33 (d, = 7.8Hz, 1H), 7.82 - 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.76 - 7.7 (m, 1H), 7.63 (d, = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (t, = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-de): δ 176.8, 163.1, 144.5, 139.6, 136.8, 133.4, 132.8, 129.9, 126.4, 125.9, 125.7, 120.0, 119.6, 111.1, 20.9; HRMS (ESI):Calculated for Ci₇H₁₅0₂N₂[M+H]⁺: 279.1128, found 279.1127.

[070] Example 32:

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (30):

Yield 51% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.95 (br. s., 1H), 12.40 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.87 (d, = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.81 - 7.76 (m, 2H), 7.66 - 7.62 (m, = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (t, 7 = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.22 - 7.17 (m, = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.58 (q, = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.18 (t, = 7.6 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 181.5, 167.8, 149.3, 144.3, 144.0, 141.7, 138.2, 133.4, 131.1, 130.7, 130.5, 124.8, 124.4, 115.9, 32.8, 20.9.

[071] Example 33:

4-Oxo-N-(4-propylphenyl)-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (31):

Yield 51%; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ12.93 (brs, 1H), 12.40 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.36 - 8.29 (m, 1H), 7.86 - 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.75 (d, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.68 - 7.61 (m, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 - 7.14 (m, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.55 - 2.51 (m, 2H), 1.64 - 1.53 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): 176.8, 163.1, 144.5, 139.6, 137.6, 137.0, 133.5, 129.3, 126.4, 125.9, 125.7, 120.0, 119.7, 111.1, 37.2, 24.6, 14.1.

[072] Example 34:

N-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (32):

Yield 46% ; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.93 (br. s., 1H), 12.40 (br. s., 1H), 8.89 - 8.86 (m, 1H), 8.33(d, = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 - 7.50 (m, 5H), 7.25 - 7.21 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.83 (m, 1H), 1.22-1. l l(m, 6H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 176.8, 163.1, 144.5, 143.9, 139.6, 137.1, 133.4, 127.2, 126.4, 125.9, 125.7, 120.1, 119.6, 111.1, 33.4, 24.4.

[073] Example 35:

4-oxo-N-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(33):

Yield 57% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.98 (br. s., 1H), 12.63 (s, 1H), 8.88 (d, = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.89 - 7.83 (m, = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.77 - 7.73 (m, 1H), 7.53 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40 - 7.34 (m, = 8.6 Hz, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 176.8, 163.5, 144.7, 144.0, 139.5, 138.5, 133.5, 126.3, 125.9, 125.8, 122.3, 121.4, 119.7, 110.7.

[074] Example 36:

N-(2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(34):

Yield 54% ; ^XH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.98 (br. s., 1H), 12.49 (s, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.33 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.83 - 7.75 (m, 1H), 7.56-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.27 - 7.21 (m, 1H), 6.67 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 176.8, 163.4, 160.2, 144.7, 140.4, 139.6, 133.5, 130.3, 126.4, 125.9, 125.8, 119.7, 112.3, 111.0, 109.5, 105.7, 55.5.

[075] Example 37:

N-(2-ethylphenyl)-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(35):

Yield 58% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.94 (br. s., 1H), 12.37 (s, 1H), 8.90 (s, 1H), 8.36 (dd, = 8.1, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 8.32 (dd, = 8.1, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.82 - 7.74 (m, 1H), 7.53- 7.19 (m, 3H), 7.15 - 7.06(m, 1H), 2.79 (q, = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.26 (t, = 7.5 Hz, 3H); 293 (M+H)⁺.

[076] Example 38:

N-(2-bromophenyl)-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(36):

Yield 47% ; 1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.98 (br. s., 1H), 12.69 (s, 1H), 8.90 (d, = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 8.54 (dd, 7 = 1.4, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (d, = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.86 - 7.67 (m, 3H), 7.57 - 7.49 (m, 1H), 7.40 (t, = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.10 - 7.05 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-de): δ 176.7, 163.7, 145.0, 139.5, 137.7, 133.5, 133.1, 128.6, 126.4, 126.0, 125.8, 125.3, 122.9, 119.7, 113.4, 110.8.

[077] Example 39:

N-benzyl-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(37):

Yield 58% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD-d₆): δ 8.82 (s, 1 H), 8.35 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.79 - 7.77 (m, 1 H), 7.65 (d, = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.52 (t, = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.42 - 7.34 (m, 4 H), 7.31 - 7.26 (m, 1 H), 4.67 (s, 2 H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 176.6, 165.0, 144.2, 140.0, 139.5, 133.2, 128.9, 128.7, 127.8, 127.3, 126.6, 125.9, 125.4, 119.5, 111.2, 42.6.

[078] ] Example 40:

N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(38):

Yield 56% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.73 (br. s., 1H), 10.35 (t, = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.73 -7.68 (m, 1H), 7.48 (t, = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.49 (d, = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 176.6, 164.8, 158.8, 144.1, 139.5, 133.1, 131.9, 129.2, 126.6, 125.8, 125.4, 119.5, 114.3, 111.3, 55.5, 42.0.

[079] Example 41:

N,N-dibenzyl-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(39):

Yield 43% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.21 (br. s., 1H), 8.27 (d, = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49 - 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.41 - 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.33 - 7.20 (m, 5H), 7.20 - 7.11 (m, 7 = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.59 (br. s., 2H), 4.42 (s, 2H).

[080] Example 42:

4-oxo-N-propyl-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(40):

Yield 47% ;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.7 (br.s., 1H)10.05 (t, = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.26 (d, = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.83 - 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.52 - 7.44 (m, 1H), 3.33 - 3.22 (m, 2H), 1.61 - 1.49 (m, 2H), 0.93 (t, = 7.5 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-de): δ 176.6, 164.8, 143.9, 139.5, 133.1, 126.6, 125.9, 125.3, 119.4, 111.4, 39.3, 23.1, 12.0

[081] Example 43:

N-hexyl-4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(41):

Yield 51% ;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.68 (m, 1H), 10.02 (t, = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.73 (d, = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 8.27 - 8.25 (m, 1H), 7.77 - 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.47 (t, = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.33 - 3.29 (m, 2H), 1.56 - 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.34 - 1.25 (m, 6H), 0.88 - 0.82 (m, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 176.6, 164.8, 143.9, 139.5, 133.1, 126.6, 125.9, 125.3, 119.4, 111.4, 38.7, 31.5, 29.8, 26.7, 22.5, 14.4.

[082] Example 44:

Methyl (4-oxo-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)-L-alaninate(42):

Yield 38% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.47 - 8.29 (m, 1H), 7.86 -7.76 (m, 1H), 7.64 (d, = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.58 - 7.44 (m, 1H), 4.69 (d, = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 1.55 (d, = 7.3 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CD₃OD): δ 177.3, 173.3, 165.5, 143.6, 139.2, 132.9, 126.3, 125.4, 125.2, 118.5, 110.3, 51.5, 47.0, 17.0.

[083] Example 45:

7-chloro-4-oxo-N-phenyl-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(43):

Yield 48% ; IR O_max(film): 2920, 2868, 1661, 1601 cm^{" 1;} 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de): δ 12.91 (br. s., 1H), 12.30 (s, 1H), 8.90 (s, 1H), 8.29 (d, = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.80 -7.67 (m, 3H), 7.58 - 7.51 (m, 1H), 7.36 (t, = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (t, = 7.3 Hz, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 176.3, 162.9, 145.4, 140.3, 139.2, 138.0, 129.5, 128.2, 126.1, 125.1, 123.9, 120.1, 118.8, 111.6.

[084] Example 46:

6-chloro-4-oxo-N-phenyl-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(44):

Yield 52% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 13.05 (brs, 1H), 12.27 (s, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.21 (d, = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.86 - 7.67 (m, 4H), 7.36 (t, = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.16 - 7.04 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 175.6, 162.9, 144.9, 139.1, 138.2, 133.5, 130.4, 129.5, 127.5, 124.9, 123.9, 122.0, 120.1, 111.4.

[085] Example 47:

l-benzyl-4-oxo-N-phenyl-l,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide(45)

Yield 55% ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.30 (s, 1H), 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.60 (dd, = 1.7, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.69 - 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.55 - 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.43 - 7.34 (m, 5H), 7.24 - 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.17 - 7.10 (m, 1H), 5.53 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 176.9, 162.9, 148.7, 139.3, 138.7, 134.1, 133.1, 129.4, 128.9, 128.7, 128.0, 127.4, 126.2, 125.5, 123.9, 120.5, 116.9, 112.3, 57.9; HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C₂₃H₁₈0₂N₂Na [M+Na]⁺: 377.1260, found 377.1259; MS: 355 (M+H)⁺.

[086] Advantages of invention:

1. Cost-effective process for synthesis.

2. Carried out at environmentally benign conditions.

3. Short synthetic route.

4. Useful for making several related compounds of medicinal

DR SRINIVASA REDDY recieving NASI – Reliance Industries Platinum Jubilee Award (2015) for Application Oriented Innovations in Physical Sciences.

MYSELF WITH HIM

From left to right: Dr. D. Srinivasa Reddy, Shri Y. S. Chowdary, Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Dr. Girish Sahni

• Dr D. Srinivasa Reddy receiving the prestigious "SHANTI SWARUP BHATNAGAR" award at the occasion of the 75th Foundation day of CSIR.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar awardees with the honorable Prime Minister of India

NCL PUNE

DSR Group

//////////WO-2016181414, WO 2016181414,  IVACAFTOR, new patent, COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH,  Anusandhan Bhawan, Rafi Marg New Delhi, INDIA, CSIR, Dr. D. Srinivasa Reddy